Implementation sources

Exceptions & traps

Exception vectors and first-level handlers Second-level exception handlers Kernel entry and CPU bring-up Mach trap table BSD system call dispatch (arm)Mach exception delivery Processor and exception-syndrome registers (arm64)Saved-state (exception frame) accessors Exception delivery structures Thread and thread_ro structures

Kernel debugging and panic API Panic and debugger entry Kernel Debug Protocol (KDP)Kernel core dumps

Userspace debugging

Task-port access and authorization Task suspension, resume tokens, and thread enumeration Thread suspension, aborts, and state access Exception-port registration and restoration arm64 register and debug-state access arm64 debug-register installation Debugger memory operations and cache attributes VM protection, code writes, and target cache traversal Physical-page instruction-cache synchronization IPC rights and reply-port copyin checks

MIG (Mach Interface Generator)

MIG compiler driver MIG codegen: header (.h)MIG codegen: user stubs MIG codegen: server demux MIG routine model MIG type marshaling

LLDB debugserver

debugserver task control and exception thread debugserver Mach exception messages and saved ports debugserver process launch, attach, stop, and resume debugserver per-thread suspension and resume preparation debugserver all-stop thread coordination debugserver memory writes and instruction-cache flushes debugserver arm64 single-step state

Register spotlights

The x18 register

Kernel Programming Guide

About This Document Keep Out Kernel Architecture Overview The Early Boot Process Security Considerations Performance Considerations Kernel Programming Style Mach Overview Memory and Virtual Memory Mach Scheduling and Thread Interfaces Bootstrap Contexts I/O Kit Overview BSD Overview File Systems Overview Network Architecture Boundary Crossings Synchronization Primitives Miscellaneous Kernel Services Kernel Extension Overview Building and Debugging Kernels Bibliography Revision History Glossary

Tasks & threads

policy.h processor_set.h semaphore.h sync.h sync_policy.h task.h task_info.h task_inspect.h task_policy.h task_special_ports.h thread_act.h thread_info.h thread_policy.h thread_special_ports.h thread_state.h thread_status.h thread_switch.h

Ports & messages

bootstrap.h mach.h mach_init.h mach_interface.h mach_port.h mach_right.h mach_types.h message.h mig.h mig_errors.h mig_strncpy_zerofill_support.h mig_voucher_support.h ndr.h notify.h port.h port_obj.h rpc.h std_types.h

dyld_kernel.h dyld_pager.h mach_vm.h memory_entry.h memory_object_types.h shared_memory_server.h shared_region.h vm_attributes.h vm_behavior.h vm_inherit.h vm_map.h vm_page_size.h vm_param.h vm_prot.h vm_purgable.h vm_region.h vm_statistics.h vm_sync.h vm_task.h vm_types.h

Host & processors

boolean.h clock.h clock_priv.h clock_reply.h clock_types.h error.h host_info.h host_notify.h host_priv.h host_reboot.h host_security.h host_special_ports.h kern_return.h kmod.h mach_error.h mach_host.h mach_param.h mach_syscalls.h mach_time.h mach_traps.h machine.h processor.h processor_info.h time_value.h

exc.h exception.h exception_types.h

Vouchers & misc

audit_triggers_types.h doubleagent_types.h mach_voucher.h mach_voucher_types.h sdt.h

_structs.h asm.h boolean.h exception.h kern_return.h ndr_def.h processor_info.h rpc.h sdt_isa.h thread_state.h thread_status.h traps.h vm_param.h vm_types.h _structs.h boolean.h exception.h kern_return.h ndr_def.h processor_info.h rpc.h sdt.h sdt_isa.h thread_state.h thread_status.h vm_param.h vm_types.h

Types & conventions

_types.h errno.h inttypes.h limits.h stdint.h sys/__endian.h sys/_endian.h sys/_select.h sys/_types.h sys/_types/_blkcnt_t.h sys/_types/_blksize_t.h sys/_types/_caddr_t.h sys/_types/_clock_t.h sys/_types/_ct_rune_t.h sys/_types/_dev_t.h sys/_types/_errno_t.h sys/_types/_fd_clr.h sys/_types/_fd_copy.h sys/_types/_fd_def.h sys/_types/_fd_isset.h sys/_types/_fd_set.h sys/_types/_fd_setsize.h sys/_types/_fd_zero.h sys/_types/_filesec_t.h sys/_types/_fsblkcnt_t.h sys/_types/_fsfilcnt_t.h sys/_types/_fsid_t.h sys/_types/_fsobj_id_t.h sys/_types/_gid_t.h sys/_types/_graftdmg_un.h sys/_types/_guid_t.h sys/_types/_id_t.h sys/_types/_in_addr_t.h sys/_types/_in_port_t.h sys/_types/_ino64_t.h sys/_types/_ino_t.h sys/_types/_int16_t.h sys/_types/_int32_t.h sys/_types/_int64_t.h sys/_types/_int8_t.h sys/_types/_intptr_t.h sys/_types/_iovec_t.h sys/_types/_key_t.h sys/_types/_mach_port_t.h sys/_types/_mbstate_t.h sys/_types/_mode_t.h sys/_types/_mount_t.h sys/_types/_nlink_t.h sys/_types/_null.h sys/_types/_o_dsync.h sys/_types/_o_sync.h sys/_types/_off_t.h sys/_types/_offsetof.h sys/_types/_os_inline.h sys/_types/_pid_t.h sys/_types/_posix_vdisable.h sys/_types/_ptrdiff_t.h sys/_types/_rsize_t.h sys/_types/_rune_t.h sys/_types/_s_ifmt.h sys/_types/_sa_family_t.h sys/_types/_seek_set.h sys/_types/_sigaltstack.h sys/_types/_sigset_t.h sys/_types/_size_t.h sys/_types/_socklen_t.h sys/_types/_ssize_t.h sys/_types/_suseconds_t.h sys/_types/_time_t.h sys/_types/_timespec.h sys/_types/_timeval.h sys/_types/_timeval32.h sys/_types/_timeval64.h sys/_types/_u_char.h sys/_types/_u_int.h sys/_types/_u_int16_t.h sys/_types/_u_int32_t.h sys/_types/_u_int64_t.h sys/_types/_u_int8_t.h sys/_types/_u_short.h sys/_types/_ucontext.h sys/_types/_ucontext64.h sys/_types/_uid_t.h sys/_types/_uintptr_t.h sys/_types/_useconds_t.h sys/_types/_uuid_t.h sys/_types/_va_list.h sys/_types/_vnode_t.h sys/_types/_wchar_t.h sys/_types/_wint_t.h sys/cdefs.h sys/endian.h sys/errno.h sys/param.h sys/syslimits.h sys/types.h sysexits.h

Threads & scheduling

pthread.h pthread/qos.h pthread/sched.h sched.h semaphore.h sys/posix_sem.h sys/qos.h sys/semaphore.h

mach_debug/hash_info.h mach_debug/ipc_info.h mach_debug/lockgroup_info.h mach_debug/mach_debug.h mach_debug/mach_debug_types.h mach_debug/page_info.h mach_debug/vm_info.h mach_debug/zone_info.h sys/buf.h sys/ipc.h sys/mbuf.h sys/mman.h sys/msg.h sys/posix_shm.h sys/sem.h sys/shm.h sys/vadvise.h sys/vm.h sys/vmmeter.h

libgen.h regex.h string.h strings.h

Atomics, byte order & libkern

libkern/OSAtomic.h libkern/OSAtomicDeprecated.h libkern/OSAtomicQueue.h libkern/OSByteOrder.h libkern/OSCacheControl.h libkern/OSDebug.h libkern/OSKextLib.h libkern/OSReturn.h libkern/OSSpinLockDeprecated.h libkern/OSThermalNotification.h libkern/OSTypes.h

Data structures

sys/queue.h sys/rbtree.h sys/sbuf.h

Events & kqueue

poll.h sys/ev.h sys/event.h sys/poll.h sys/select.h

Files & directories

aio.h copyfile.h dirent.h fcntl.h fnmatch.h fts.h ftw.h glob.h paths.h removefile.h stdio.h sys/acl.h sys/aio.h sys/attr.h sys/clonefile.h sys/dir.h sys/dirent.h sys/disk.h sys/fcntl.h sys/filedesc.h sys/fileport.h sys/filio.h sys/fsgetpath.h sys/ioccom.h sys/ioctl.h sys/loadable_fs.h sys/mount.h sys/paths.h sys/quota.h sys/stat.h sys/statvfs.h sys/stdio.h sys/uio.h sys/unistd.h sys/vnode.h sys/vstat.h sys/xattr.h unistd.h utime.h

Processes & signals

bootstrap.h dlfcn.h err.h getopt.h grp.h libproc.h notify.h pwd.h sandbox.h setjmp.h signal.h spawn.h stdlib.h sys/acct.h sys/kauth.h sys/kern_control.h sys/kern_event.h sys/lctx.h sys/lockf.h sys/pipe.h sys/proc.h sys/proc_info.h sys/ptrace.h sys/reboot.h sys/resource.h sys/resourcevar.h sys/signal.h sys/spawn.h sys/syscall.h sys/sysctl.h sys/ucred.h sys/unpcb.h sys/user.h sys/utsname.h sys/wait.h ulimit.h

arpa/ftp.h arpa/inet.h arpa/nameser.h arpa/nameser_compat.h arpa/telnet.h arpa/tftp.h ifaddrs.h net/bpf.h net/dlil.h net/ethernet.h net/if.h net/if_arp.h net/if_dl.h net/if_llc.h net/if_media.h net/if_mib.h net/if_types.h net/if_utun.h net/if_var.h net/if_var_status.h net/kext_net.h net/ndrv.h net/net_kev.h net/pfkeyv2.h net/route.h netdb.h netinet/bootp.h netinet/icmp6.h netinet/icmp_var.h netinet/if_ether.h netinet/igmp.h netinet/igmp_var.h netinet/in.h netinet/in_pcb.h netinet/in_systm.h netinet/in_var.h netinet/ip.h netinet/ip6.h netinet/ip_icmp.h netinet/ip_var.h netinet/tcp.h netinet/tcp_fsm.h netinet/tcp_seq.h netinet/tcp_timer.h netinet/tcp_var.h netinet/tcpip.h netinet/udp.h netinet/udp_var.h sys/netport.h sys/protosw.h sys/socket.h sys/socketvar.h sys/sockio.h sys/un.h sys/vsock.h

sys/time.h sys/timeb.h sys/times.h sys/timex.h time.h

sys/ioctl_compat.h sys/termios.h sys/tty.h sys/ttychars.h sys/ttycom.h sys/ttydefaults.h termios.h util.h

bsm/audit.h bsm/audit_domain.h bsm/audit_errno.h bsm/audit_fcntl.h bsm/audit_filter.h bsm/audit_internal.h bsm/audit_kevents.h bsm/audit_record.h bsm/audit_session.h bsm/audit_socket_type.h bsm/audit_uevents.h bsm/libbsm.h

Tracing & debugging

asl.h sys/conf.h sys/dtrace.h sys/fasttrap.h sys/gmon.h sys/kdebug.h sys/kdebug_signpost.h sys/kernel_types.h sys/lockstat.h sys/log_data.h sys/msgbuf.h sys/random.h sys/snapshot.h sys/sys_domain.h sys/syslog.h sys/trace.h syslog.h

kern/ primitives

kern/arithmetic_128.h kern/assert.h kern/backtrace.h kern/block_hint.h kern/cambria_layout.h kern/circle_queue.h kern/clock.h kern/coalition.h kern/cs_blobs.h kern/debug.h kern/ecc.h kern/energy_perf.h kern/exc_guard.h kern/exc_resource.h kern/ext_paniclog.h kern/extmod_statistics.h kern/host.h kern/hv_io_notifier.h kern/hv_support.h kern/hv_support_kern.h kern/hv_support_kext.h kern/hvg_hypercall.h kern/ipc_mig.h kern/kcdata.h kern/kcdata_private.h kern/kern_cdata.h kern/kern_types.h kern/kext_alloc.h kern/ledger.h kern/llc_error.h kern/lock_attr.h kern/lock_group.h kern/lock_mtx.h kern/lock_rw.h kern/lock_sleep.h kern/lock_types.h kern/locks.h kern/macro_help.h kern/monotonic.h kern/mpqueue.h kern/mpsc_queue.h kern/panic_call.h kern/percpu.h kern/policy_internal.h kern/priority_queue.h kern/processor.h kern/queue.h kern/remote_time.h kern/restartable.h kern/sched_prim.h kern/smr_types.h kern/stackshot_kpi.h kern/task.h kern/task_ref.h kern/telemetry.h kern/thread.h kern/thread_call.h kern/thread_group.h kern/timer_call.h kern/trap_telemetry.h kern/trustcache.h kern/turnstile.h kern/waitq.h kern/work_interval.h

mach/arcade_upcall_server.h mach/arm64/asm.h mach/arm/_structs.h mach/arm/sdt_isa.h mach/arm/syscall_sw.h mach/arm/thread_status.h mach/arm/vm_param.h mach/audit_triggers_server.h mach/clock_reply_server.h mach/coalition_notification_server.h mach/doubleagent_mig_server.h mach/exc_server.h mach/fairplayd_notification_server.h mach/iocompressionstats_notification_server.h mach/ktrace_background.h mach/mach_exc_server.h mach/mach_host.h mach/mach_interface.h mach/mach_port.h mach/mach_time.h mach/mach_types.h mach/mach_vm.h mach/mach_voucher_attr_control.h mach/mach_voucher_types.h mach/machine/asm.h mach/machine/sdt.h mach/memory_error_notification_server.h mach/memory_object_types.h mach/message.h mach/notify_server.h mach/port.h mach/semaphore.h mach/shared_memory_server.h mach/shared_region.h mach/sysdiagnose_notification_server.h mach/task.h mach/task_access.h mach/task_access_server.h mach/task_info.h mach/telemetry_notification_server.h mach/thread_act.h mach/upl.h mach/vfs_nspace.h mach/vfs_nspace_server.h mach/vm_map.h mach/vm_param.h mach/vm_statistics.h mach/vm_types.h mach/vm_types_unsafe.h

miscfs/devfs/devfs.h miscfs/fifofs/fifo.h miscfs/specfs/specdev.h miscfs/union/union.h sys/__endian.h sys/_endian.h sys/_structs.h sys/_types.h sys/_types/_caddr_t.h sys/_types/_fd_def.h sys/_types/_null.h sys/_types/_offsetof.h sys/_types/_ptrdiff_t.h sys/_types/_rsize_t.h sys/_types/_size_t.h sys/_types/_uintptr_t.h sys/_types/_user32_itimerval.h sys/_types/_user32_ntptimeval.h sys/_types/_user32_timespec.h sys/_types/_user32_timeval.h sys/_types/_user32_timex.h sys/_types/_user64_itimerval.h sys/_types/_user64_ntptimeval.h sys/_types/_user64_timespec.h sys/_types/_user64_timeval.h sys/_types/_user64_timex.h sys/_types/_user_timespec.h sys/_types/_user_timeval.h sys/_types/_va_list.h sys/_types/_wchar_t.h sys/appleapiopts.h sys/attr.h sys/cdefs.h sys/commpage.h sys/conf.h sys/constrained_ctypes.h sys/dir.h sys/dirent.h sys/disk.h sys/dkstat.h sys/domain.h sys/errno.h sys/ev.h sys/event.h sys/fcntl.h sys/file.h sys/imgact.h sys/ioctl.h sys/ipc.h sys/kauth.h sys/kdebug.h sys/kdebug_kernel.h sys/kdebug_private.h sys/kern_control.h sys/kern_event.h sys/kernel.h sys/kernel_types.h sys/kpi_mbuf.h sys/kpi_socket.h sys/kpi_socketfilter.h sys/lock.h sys/malloc.h sys/mbuf.h sys/md5.h sys/mman.h sys/mount.h sys/msg.h sys/namei.h sys/param.h sys/proc.h sys/random.h sys/resource.h sys/resource_private.h sys/select.h sys/sem.h sys/shm.h sys/signal.h sys/socket.h sys/socketvar.h sys/sockio.h sys/stat.h sys/stdio.h sys/sysctl.h sys/syslog.h sys/systm.h sys/time.h sys/timex.h sys/ttycom.h sys/types.h sys/ubc.h sys/ucontext.h sys/ucred.h sys/uio.h sys/un.h sys/unicode.h sys/unistd.h sys/utfconv.h sys/vm.h sys/vmparam.h sys/vnode.h sys/vnode_if.h sys/wait.h sys/xattr.h uuid/uuid.h vfs/vfs_support.h

Networking KPIs

net/bpf.h net/bpf_private.h net/dlil.h net/ethernet.h net/if.h net/if_dl.h net/if_ether.h net/if_ipsec.h net/if_mib_private.h net/if_private.h net/if_var.h net/if_var_private.h net/if_vlan_var.h net/init.h net/kpi_interface.h net/kpi_interfacefilter.h net/kpi_protocol.h net/necp.h net/network_agent.h net/radix.h net/route_private.h netinet6/ah.h netinet6/esp.h netinet6/in6.h netinet6/in6_private.h netinet6/in6_var.h netinet6/ipcomp.h netinet6/ipsec.h netinet6/nd6.h netinet6/raw_ip6.h netinet6/scope6_var.h netinet/icmp6.h netinet/in.h netinet/in_arp.h netinet/in_pcb.h netinet/in_private.h netinet/in_stat.h netinet/kpi_ipfilter.h netinet/mptcp_var.h netinet/tcp_private.h netinet/tcp_var.h

libkern/Block.h libkern/OSAtomic.h libkern/OSBase.h libkern/OSKextLib.h libkern/OSMalloc.h libkern/OSTypes.h libkern/_OSByteOrder.h libkern/arm/OSByteOrder.h libkern/arm/_OSByteOrder.h libkern/c++/OSAllocation.h libkern/c++/OSArray.h libkern/c++/OSBoolean.h libkern/c++/OSBoundedArray.h libkern/c++/OSBoundedArrayRef.h libkern/c++/OSBoundedPtr.h libkern/c++/OSBoundedPtrFwd.h libkern/c++/OSCPPDebug.h libkern/c++/OSCollection.h libkern/c++/OSCollectionIterator.h libkern/c++/OSContainers.h libkern/c++/OSData.h libkern/c++/OSDictionary.h libkern/c++/OSEndianTypes.h libkern/c++/OSIterator.h libkern/c++/OSLib.h libkern/c++/OSMetaClass.h libkern/c++/OSNumber.h libkern/c++/OSObject.h libkern/c++/OSOrderedSet.h libkern/c++/OSPtr.h libkern/c++/OSSerialize.h libkern/c++/OSSet.h libkern/c++/OSSharedPtr.h libkern/c++/OSString.h libkern/c++/OSSymbol.h libkern/c++/OSUnserialize.h libkern/c++/bounded_array.h libkern/c++/bounded_array_ref.h libkern/c++/bounded_ptr.h libkern/c++/bounded_ptr_fwd.h libkern/c++/intrusive_shared_ptr.h libkern/c++/safe_allocation.h libkern/copyio.h libkern/crc.h libkern/crypto/crypto.h libkern/crypto/md5.h libkern/crypto/rand.h libkern/crypto/sha1.h libkern/libkern.h libkern/locks.h libkern/machine/OSByteOrder.h libkern/sysctl.h libkern/tree.h libkern/version.h libkern/zconf.h libkern/zlib.h mach-o/fat.h mach-o/fixup-chains.h mach-o/loader.h mach-o/nlist.h os/alloc_util.h os/atomic.h os/base.h os/cpp_util.h os/log.h os/object.h os/trace.h

IOKit/AppleBasebandBridgeKeys.h IOKit/IOBSD.h IOKit/IOBufferMemoryDescriptor.h IOKit/IOCatalogue.h IOKit/IOCircularDataQueue.h IOKit/IOCircularDataQueueImplementation.h IOKit/IOCommand.h IOKit/IOCommandGate.h IOKit/IOCommandPool.h IOKit/IOConditionLock.h IOKit/IODMACommand.h IOKit/IODMAController.h IOKit/IODMAEventSource.h IOKit/IODataQueue.h IOKit/IODataQueueShared.h IOKit/IODeviceMemory.h IOKit/IODeviceTreeSupport.h IOKit/IOEventSource.h IOKit/IOFilterInterruptEventSource.h IOKit/IOGuardPageMemoryDescriptor.h IOKit/IOInterleavedMemoryDescriptor.h IOKit/IOInterruptController.h IOKit/IOInterruptEventSource.h IOKit/IOInterrupts.h IOKit/IOKernelReportStructs.h IOKit/IOKitDebug.h IOKit/IOKitKeys.h IOKit/IOKitServer.h IOKit/IOLib.h IOKit/IOLocks.h IOKit/IOMapTypes.h IOKit/IOMapper.h IOKit/IOMemoryCursor.h IOKit/IOMemoryDescriptor.h IOKit/IOMessage.h IOKit/IOMultiMemoryDescriptor.h IOKit/IONVRAM.h IOKit/IONotifier.h IOKit/IOPlatformExpert.h IOKit/IOProviderPropertyMerger.h IOKit/IORPC.h IOKit/IORangeAllocator.h IOKit/IORegistryEntry.h IOKit/IOReportMacros.h IOKit/IOReportTypes.h IOKit/IOReturn.h IOKit/IOService.h IOKit/IOServicePM.h IOKit/IOServiceStateNotificationEventSource.h IOKit/IOSharedDataQueue.h IOKit/IOSharedLock.h IOKit/IOSubMemoryDescriptor.h IOKit/IOTimeStamp.h IOKit/IOTimerEventSource.h IOKit/IOTypes.h IOKit/IOUserClient.h IOKit/IOUserServer.h IOKit/IOWorkLoop.h IOKit/OSMessageNotification.h IOKit/PassthruInterruptController.h IOKit/acpi/IOACPIPlatformDevice.h IOKit/acpi/IOACPIPlatformExpert.h IOKit/acpi/IOACPITypes.h IOKit/assert.h IOKit/ata/ATADeviceNub.h IOKit/ata/ATATimerEventSource.h IOKit/ata/IOATABusCommand.h IOKit/ata/IOATABusInfo.h IOKit/ata/IOATACommand.h IOKit/ata/IOATAController.h IOKit/ata/IOATADevConfig.h IOKit/ata/IOATADevice.h IOKit/ata/IOATATypes.h IOKit/ata/IOPCIATA.h IOKit/audio/BigNum128.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioBlitterLibDispatch.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioControl.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioControlUserClient.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioDebug.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioDefines.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioDevice.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioEngine.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioEngineUserClient.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioLevelControl.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioPort.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioSelectorControl.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioStream.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioTimeIntervalFilter.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioToggleControl.h IOKit/audio/IOAudioTypes.h IOKit/avc/IOFireWireAVCCommand.h IOKit/avc/IOFireWireAVCConsts.h IOKit/avc/IOFireWireAVCRequestSpace.h IOKit/avc/IOFireWireAVCTargetSpace.h IOKit/avc/IOFireWireAVCUnit.h IOKit/avc/IOFireWireAVCUserClientCommon.h IOKit/avc/IOFireWirePCRSpace.h IOKit/bluetooth/Bluetooth.h IOKit/bluetooth/BluetoothAssignedNumbers.h IOKit/bluetooth/IOBluetoothTypes.h IOKit/firewire/IOConfigDirectory.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWAddressSpace.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWCommand.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWDCL.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWDCLPool.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWDCLProgram.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWDCLTranslator.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWIsochChannel.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWIsochPort.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWLocalIsochPort.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWPHYPacketListener.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWPhysicalAddressSpace.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWPseudoAddressSpace.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWRegs.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWSimpleContiguousPhysicalAddressSpace.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWSimplePhysicalAddressSpace.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWSyncer.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWUserObjectExporter.h IOKit/firewire/IOFWUtils.h IOKit/firewire/IOFireWireBus.h IOKit/firewire/IOFireWireController.h IOKit/firewire/IOFireWireDevice.h IOKit/firewire/IOFireWireFamilyCommon.h IOKit/firewire/IOFireWireIRMAllocation.h IOKit/firewire/IOFireWireLocalNode.h IOKit/firewire/IOFireWireMultiIsochReceive.h IOKit/firewire/IOFireWireNub.h IOKit/firewire/IOFireWirePowerManager.h IOKit/firewire/IOFireWireUnit.h IOKit/firewire/IOLocalConfigDirectory.h IOKit/graphics/IOAccelClientConnect.h IOKit/graphics/IOAccelSurfaceConnect.h IOKit/graphics/IOAccelTypes.h IOKit/graphics/IOAccelerator.h IOKit/graphics/IODisplay.h IOKit/graphics/IOFramebuffer.h IOKit/graphics/IOFramebufferShared.h IOKit/graphics/IOGraphicsDevice.h IOKit/graphics/IOGraphicsEngine.h IOKit/graphics/IOGraphicsInterfaceTypes.h IOKit/graphics/IOGraphicsTypes.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOHIDDescriptorParser.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOHIDParameter.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOHIDShared.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOHIDSystem.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOHIDTypes.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOHIDUsageTables.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOHIDWorkLoop.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOHIDevice.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOHIKeyboard.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOHIKeyboardMapper.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOHIPointing.h IOKit/hidsystem/IOLLEvent.h IOKit/hidsystem/ev_keymap.h IOKit/i2c/IOI2CInterface.h IOKit/ndrvsupport/IOMacOSTypes.h IOKit/ndrvsupport/IOMacOSVideo.h IOKit/ndrvsupport/IONDRVFramebuffer.h IOKit/ndrvsupport/IONDRVLibraries.h IOKit/ndrvsupport/IONDRVSupport.h IOKit/network/IOBasicOutputQueue.h IOKit/network/IOEthernetController.h IOKit/network/IOEthernetInterface.h IOKit/network/IOEthernetStats.h IOKit/network/IOGatedOutputQueue.h IOKit/network/IOKernelDebugger.h IOKit/network/IOMbufMemoryCursor.h IOKit/network/IONetworkController.h IOKit/network/IONetworkData.h IOKit/network/IONetworkInterface.h IOKit/network/IONetworkMedium.h IOKit/network/IONetworkStats.h IOKit/network/IOOutputQueue.h IOKit/network/IOPacketQueue.h IOKit/nvram/IONVRAMController.h IOKit/pci/IOAGPDevice.h IOKit/pci/IOPCIBridge.h IOKit/pci/IOPCIDevice.h IOKit/pci/IOPCIFamilyDefinitions.h IOKit/platform/AppleMacIO.h IOKit/platform/AppleMacIODevice.h IOKit/platform/AppleNMI.h IOKit/platform/ApplePlatformExpert.h IOKit/platform/IOPlatformIO.h IOKit/power/IOPwrController.h IOKit/pwr_mgt/IOPM.h IOKit/pwr_mgt/IOPMLibDefs.h IOKit/pwr_mgt/IOPMPowerSource.h IOKit/pwr_mgt/IOPMPowerSourceList.h IOKit/pwr_mgt/IOPMpowerState.h IOKit/pwr_mgt/IOPowerConnection.h IOKit/pwr_mgt/RootDomain.h IOKit/rtc/IORTCController.h IOKit/sbp2/IOFireWireSBP2LSIWorkaroundDescriptor.h IOKit/sbp2/IOFireWireSBP2LUN.h IOKit/sbp2/IOFireWireSBP2Login.h IOKit/sbp2/IOFireWireSBP2ManagementORB.h IOKit/sbp2/IOFireWireSBP2ORB.h IOKit/sbp2/IOFireWireSBP2Target.h IOKit/sbp2/IOFireWireSBP2UserClient.h IOKit/sbp2/IOFireWireSBP2UserClientCommon.h IOKit/sbp2/IOFireWireSerialBusProtocolTransport.h IOKit/scsi/IOBDServices.h IOKit/scsi/IOBlockStorageServices.h IOKit/scsi/IOCompactDiscServices.h IOKit/scsi/IODVDServices.h IOKit/scsi/IOReducedBlockServices.h IOKit/scsi/IOSCSIBlockCommandsDevice.h IOKit/scsi/IOSCSIMultimediaCommandsDevice.h IOKit/scsi/IOSCSIPeripheralDeviceNub.h IOKit/scsi/IOSCSIPeripheralDeviceType00.h IOKit/scsi/IOSCSIPeripheralDeviceType05.h IOKit/scsi/IOSCSIPeripheralDeviceType07.h IOKit/scsi/IOSCSIPeripheralDeviceType0E.h IOKit/scsi/IOSCSIPrimaryCommandsDevice.h IOKit/scsi/IOSCSIProtocolInterface.h IOKit/scsi/IOSCSIProtocolServices.h IOKit/scsi/IOSCSIReducedBlockCommandsDevice.h IOKit/scsi/SCSICmds_INQUIRY_Definitions.h IOKit/scsi/SCSICmds_MODE_Definitions.h IOKit/scsi/SCSICmds_READ_CAPACITY_Definitions.h IOKit/scsi/SCSICmds_REPORT_LUNS_Definitions.h IOKit/scsi/SCSICmds_REQUEST_SENSE_Defs.h IOKit/scsi/SCSICommandDefinitions.h IOKit/scsi/SCSICommandOperationCodes.h IOKit/scsi/SCSIPort.h IOKit/scsi/SCSITask.h IOKit/scsi/spi/IOSCSIParallelControllerCharacteristics.h IOKit/scsi/spi/IOSCSIParallelInterfaceController.h IOKit/storage/IOAppleLabelScheme.h IOKit/storage/IOApplePartitionScheme.h IOKit/storage/IOBDBlockStorageDevice.h IOKit/storage/IOBDBlockStorageDriver.h IOKit/storage/IOBDMedia.h IOKit/storage/IOBDMediaBSDClient.h IOKit/storage/IOBDTypes.h IOKit/storage/IOBlockStorageDevice.h IOKit/storage/IOBlockStorageDriver.h IOKit/storage/IOCDBlockStorageDevice.h IOKit/storage/IOCDBlockStorageDriver.h IOKit/storage/IOCDMedia.h IOKit/storage/IOCDMediaBSDClient.h IOKit/storage/IOCDPartitionScheme.h IOKit/storage/IOCDTypes.h IOKit/storage/IODVDBlockStorageDevice.h IOKit/storage/IODVDBlockStorageDriver.h IOKit/storage/IODVDMedia.h IOKit/storage/IODVDMediaBSDClient.h IOKit/storage/IODVDTypes.h IOKit/storage/IOFDiskPartitionScheme.h IOKit/storage/IOFilterScheme.h IOKit/storage/IOFireWireStorageCharacteristics.h IOKit/storage/IOGUIDPartitionScheme.h IOKit/storage/IOMedia.h IOKit/storage/IOMediaBSDClient.h IOKit/storage/IOPartitionScheme.h IOKit/storage/IOStorage.h IOKit/storage/IOStorageCardCharacteristics.h IOKit/storage/IOStorageControllerCharacteristics.h IOKit/storage/IOStorageDeviceCharacteristics.h IOKit/storage/IOStorageProtocolCharacteristics.h IOKit/storage/ata/IOATAPIProtocolTransport.h IOKit/storage/ata/IOATAStorageDefines.h IOKit/stream/IOStream.h IOKit/stream/IOStreamFamily.h IOKit/stream/IOStreamShared.h IOKit/stream/IOStreamUserClient.h IOKit/system.h IOKit/system_management/IOWatchDogTimer.h IOKit/usb/AppleUSBDefinitions.h IOKit/usb/IOUSBHostControllerInterfaceDefinitions.h IOKit/usb/IOUSBHostControllerInterfaceHelpers.h IOKit/usb/IOUSBHostDevice.h IOKit/usb/IOUSBHostFamily.h IOKit/usb/IOUSBHostFamilyDefinitions.h IOKit/usb/IOUSBHostIOSource.h IOKit/usb/IOUSBHostInterface.h IOKit/usb/IOUSBHostPipe.h IOKit/usb/IOUSBHostStream.h IOKit/usb/StandardUSB.h IOKit/usb/USB.h IOKit/usb/USBSpec.h IOKit/video/IOVideoControlDictionary.h IOKit/video/IOVideoDevice.h IOKit/video/IOVideoDeviceClientInit.h IOKit/video/IOVideoDeviceShared.h IOKit/video/IOVideoDeviceUserClient.h IOKit/video/IOVideoStream.h IOKit/video/IOVideoStreamDictionary.h IOKit/video/IOVideoStreamFormatDictionary.h IOKit/video/IOVideoTypes.h

pexpert/boot.h pexpert/device_tree.h pexpert/machine/boot.h pexpert/machine/protos.h pexpert/pexpert.h pexpert/protos.h vm/WKdm_new.h vm/lz4.h vm/lz4_assembly_select.h vm/lz4_constants.h vm/pmap.h vm/vm_compressor_algorithms.h vm/vm_dyld_pager.h vm/vm_far.h vm/vm_fault.h vm/vm_kern.h vm/vm_map.h vm/vm_options.h vm/vm_pageout.h vm/vm_shared_region.h

arm64/machine_cpuid.h arm64/machine_machdep.h arm/_endian.h arm/_limits.h arm/_mcontext.h arm/_param.h arm/_types.h arm/arch.h arm/cpu_capabilities_public.h arm/endian.h arm/limits.h arm/locks.h arm/machine_cpuid.h arm/machine_routines.h arm/pal_routines.h arm/param.h arm/profile.h arm/signal.h arm/thread.h arm/trap.h arm/types.h arm/vmparam.h machine/_endian.h machine/_limits.h machine/_mcontext.h machine/_param.h machine/_types.h machine/byte_order.h machine/endian.h machine/limits.h machine/locks.h machine/machine_cpc.h machine/machine_routines.h machine/monotonic.h machine/pal_routines.h machine/param.h machine/profile.h machine/signal.h machine/smp.h machine/trap.h machine/types.h machine/vmparam.h

mach-o/compact_unwind_encoding.h mach-o/fat.h mach-o/fixup-chains.h mach-o/loader.h mach-o/nlist.h mach-o/ranlib.h mach-o/reloc.h mach-o/stab.h

mach-o/arch.h mach-o/dyld.h mach-o/dyld_images.h mach-o/getsect.h mach-o/ldsyms.h mach-o/swap.h mach-o/utils.h

mach-o/arm64/reloc.h

xpc/activity.h xpc/availability.h xpc/base.h xpc/connection.h xpc/debug.h xpc/endpoint.h xpc/listener.h xpc/peer_requirement.h xpc/rich_error.h xpc/session.h xpc/xpc.h

Hypervisor.h hv.h hv_base.h hv_error.h hv_gic.h hv_gic_config.h hv_gic_parameters.h hv_gic_state.h hv_gic_types.h hv_intr.h hv_sme_config.h hv_types.h hv_vcpu.h hv_vcpu_config.h hv_vcpu_types.h hv_vm.h hv_vm_allocate.h hv_vm_config.h hv_vm_types.h arm64/hv/hv_kern_types.h

dispatch/base.h dispatch/block.h dispatch/data.h dispatch/dispatch.h dispatch/group.h dispatch/introspection.h dispatch/io.h dispatch/object.h dispatch/once.h dispatch/queue.h dispatch/semaphore.h dispatch/source.h dispatch/time.h dispatch/workloop.h

os/activity.h os/atomic.h os/availability.h os/base.h os/clock.h os/lock.h os/log.h os/object.h os/os_sync_wait_on_address.h os/overflow.h os/proc.h os/signpost.h os/trace.h os/trace_base.h os/workgroup.h os/workgroup_base.h os/workgroup_interval.h os/workgroup_object.h os/workgroup_parallel.h

EndpointSecurity

EndpointSecurity/ESClient.h EndpointSecurity/ESMessage.h EndpointSecurity/ESMessageCore.h EndpointSecurity/ESTypes.h EndpointSecurity/EndpointSecurity.h

CommonCrypto/CommonCrypto.h CommonCrypto/CommonCryptoError.h CommonCrypto/CommonCryptor.h CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h CommonCrypto/CommonHMAC.h CommonCrypto/CommonKeyDerivation.h CommonCrypto/CommonRandom.h CommonCrypto/CommonSymmetricKeywrap.h

#include <arm/_limits.h>

Kernel (KEXT) › Architecture

arm/_limits.h Kernel.framework

ticks per second

This header declares nothing itself under the arm64 configuration; it groups the headers below.

Generated 2026-09-08 from the headers of one specific machine (macOS 26.4.1, SDK 26.4, arm64) — not official documentation. About & caveats